Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss, especially in older adults. But what many people don’t realize is that certain medications may contribute to this condition. If ignored, these drugs could accelerate eye damage and make symptoms worse.

That’s why it’s important to know which medications are linked to macular degeneration and what steps you can take to protect your vision.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula. This area is responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision — the kind you need for reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

There are two types of AMD:

• Dry AMD – The more common, slower-progressing form.
• Wet AMD – Less common but more severe, involving abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina.

Drugs That May Be Linked to Macular Degeneration

While research is ongoing, several medications have raised concerns for potentially increasing the risk of AMD or worsening existing conditions. These include:

• Plaquenil (Hydroxychloroquine) – Commonly used for autoimmune conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term use can lead to retinal toxicity.
• Tamoxifen – Used in breast cancer treatment. It’s been associated with crystal-like deposits in the retina.
• Niacin (High doses) – Often taken to manage cholesterol, large doses may cause a condition called maculopathy.
• Chlorpromazine and Thioridazine – Antipsychotic drugs that have shown potential links to retinal changes.
• Interferon Alpha – Used in hepatitis and cancer treatments. In some cases, it’s been linked to retinal complications.
• Amiodarone – A heart medication that, in rare cases, can cause optic neuropathy or retinal effects.

Note: Not everyone who takes these medications will experience eye problems. The risk often depends on dosage, length of use, and individual factors like age and overall eye health.

Signs To Watch For

If you’re taking one of these medications, be alert to any changes in your vision, such as:

• Blurry or fuzzy central vision
• Straight lines appearing wavy
• Difficulty reading or seeing details clearly
• A dark or empty area in the center of your vision

These symptoms warrant an immediate visit to your eye doctor — even if they’re mild.

What You Can Do

• Get regular eye exams – Especially if you’re over 50 or on long-term medications.
• Talk to your doctor – Don’t stop any medication without medical advice, but discuss potential eye risks and alternatives.
• Use protective nutrition – Diets rich in leafy greens, omega-3s, and lutein can support eye health.
• Avoid smoking – It dramatically increases your risk of AMD.

The Bottom Line

Some medications may carry unintended risks for your eyes — but awareness is power. If you’re currently taking any of the drugs mentioned, ask your doctor about vision monitoring and whether any safer options exist. It’s your vision, and you have every reason to protect it.